Introduction to Spectroscopy
– Spectroscopy is the study of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter.
– It measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra based on wavelength or frequency.
– Spectroscopy is used in astronomy, chemistry, materials science, and physics.
– It allows investigation of the composition, structure, and electronic properties of matter.
– Spectroscopy originated from the study of visible light and later expanded to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Spectroscopic Measurement Devices
– Spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs, and spectral analyzers are used for spectral measurements.
– In the laboratory, spectroscopic analysis starts with a sample, followed by choosing a light source and dispersion array.
– Astronomical spectroscopy requires equipping telescopes with light dispersion devices.
– Isaac Newton’s prism experiment was a significant milestone in the development of spectroscopy.
– Spectroscopy involves the splitting of light to produce a unique spectrum for each element.
Vibrational Spectroscopy and New Techniques
– Vibrational spectroscopy studies molecular spectra.
– Modern spectroscopy techniques may not require dispersion devices.
– Biochemical spectroscopy uses absorption and light scattering techniques for tissue analysis.
– Spectroscopy played a central role in the development of quantum mechanics.
– Spectroscopy is used in physical and analytical chemistry, astronomy, and remote sensing.
Theory of Spectroscopy
– Spectroscopy is based on the concept that light consists of different wavelengths and frequencies.
– Each element has a unique light spectrum described by the frequencies it emits or absorbs.
– Spectroscopy enables the understanding of atomic properties of all matter.
– Different spectroscopic procedures achieve specific goals in various fields.
– The National Institute of Standards and Technology maintains a public Atomic Spectra Database.
Classification of Spectroscopic Methods
– Spectroscopy encompasses various sub-disciplines with specific techniques.
– Classification can be based on the type of radiative energy involved in the interaction.
– Common types of spectroscopy include atomic, infrared, ultraviolet and visible, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
– Nuclear magnetic resonance is based on the resonance and resonant frequency of nuclei.
– Spectroscopy provides valuable information about samples across different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_spectral_line
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2016) |
Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra. In narrower contexts, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Spectroscopy, primarily in the electromagnetic spectrum, is a fundamental exploratory tool in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, materials science, and physics, allowing the composition, physical structure and electronic structure of matter to be investigated at the atomic, molecular and macro scale, and over astronomical distances.
Historically, spectroscopy originated as the study of the wavelength dependence of the absorption by gas phase matter of visible light dispersed by a prism. Current applications of spectroscopy include biomedical spectroscopy in the areas of tissue analysis and medical imaging. Matter waves and acoustic waves can also be considered forms of radiative energy, and recently gravitational waves have been associated with a spectral signature in the context of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).
