History and Advancements in Drilling Technology
– Homo sapiens discovered rotary tools around 35,000 BC.
– Hand drill, a smooth stick, was used by ancient civilizations.
– Perforated artifacts from the Upper Paleolithic era.
– Bow drill, invented around 10,000 years ago, allowed quicker drilling.
– Hieroglyphs in Egyptian tombs depict the use of bow-drills.
– Electric drill invented in 1889 by Arnot and Brain.
– Portable handheld drill invented in 1895 by Wilhelm & Carl Fein.
– First trigger-switch, pistol-grip portable drill patented in 1917 by Black & Decker.
– Advancements in drilling technology led to the modern drill era.
Types of Drills
– Manual drills, electric drills, pneumatic drills, and internal combustion engine-driven drills.
– Hammer drills for hard materials like masonry.
– Drilling rigs for water, oil, and geothermal heating.
– Hand-held drills for driving screws and fasteners.
– Drill-powered small appliances like pumps and grinders.
– Pistol-grip drill: most common hand-held power drill type.
– Right-angle drill: used in tight spaces.
– Hammer drill: combines rotary motion with a hammer action for drilling masonry.
– Drill press: larger power drill with a rigid holding frame, standalone mounted on a bench.
– Rotary hammer: combines a primary dedicated hammer mechanism with a separate rotation mechanism, used for masonry or concrete.
Cordless Drills
– Corded drills are fed from an electric outlet.
– Cordless drills are fed by rechargeable electric batteries.
– Cordless drills have removable battery packs.
– Cordless drills allow uninterrupted drilling while recharging.
– Cordless drills are commonly used for setting screws into wood.
– Early cordless drills used interchangeable 7.2V battery packs.
– Battery voltages have increased over the years.
– 18V drills are most common, but higher voltages are available.
– Cordless drills can produce as much torque as some corded drills.
– Common battery types are nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and lithium-ion batteries.
Specialized Drills
– Impact drills (also known as impact wrenches) incorporate a hammer motion along with the rotating motion.
– Used to secure long bolts or screws into wood, metal, and concrete.
– Come in pneumatic and electric types.
– Electric impact drills are widely used in construction, automobile repair, and fabrication.
– Hammer drills provide a pulsing (hammering) action and are used for installing electrical boxes, conduit straps, or shelves in concrete.
– Rotary hammers use SDS or Spline Shank bits for masonry drilling and have superior hole drilling progress compared to cam-type hammer drills.
Drills in Various Applications and Safety Measures
– Drilling plays a crucial role in metalworking processes.
– Machining and computing techniques are used in conjunction with drills for precision drilling.
– Drills used in dentistry, orthopedic surgery, and neurosurgery.
– Potential for the NHS to adopt cheap innovations in drilling technology from sub-Saharan Africa.
– Importance of safety measures in drilling, especially in the mining industry and surgical procedures. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill
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A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a bit, either a drill or driver chuck. Hand-operated types are dramatically decreasing in popularity and cordless battery-powered ones proliferating due to increased efficiency and ease of use.
Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction, machine tool fabrication, construction and utility projects. Specially designed versions are made for miniature applications.
