Definition and Interpretation of Curriculum
– Etymology of the word “curriculum”
– Definitions and interpretations of curriculum
– Professional interpretations of curriculum
– Types of curricula
– National curricula
Historical Conception of Curriculum
– Ancient Babylonia and the inculcation of culture
– Ancient Roman curricula
– Traditional concept of curriculum in the early 20th century
– John Franklin Bobbitt and John Dewey’s definitions of curriculum
Different Perspectives on Curriculum
– Robert M. Hutchins’ emphasis on permanent studies
– Arthur Bestor’s focus on intellectual training
– Joseph Schwab’s view on discipline as the source of curriculum
– John Dewey’s proposal for interesting and beneficial learning
– Scholarly and theoretical curricula
Approaches to Curriculum Theory and Practice
– Curriculum as a body of knowledge to be transmitted
– Curriculum as a means to achieve specific goals
– Curriculum as a process of teaching and learning
– Praxis and the practical application of curriculum
– Expansion of education and curriculum beyond the classroom
Examples of National Curricula
– Australia’s national curriculum
– Canada’s provincial curricula
– International examples (Iran, South Korea, Japan, the Netherlands)
– Nigeria’s national curriculum
– Russia’s emphasis on core curriculum
– United Kingdom’s national curriculum (England and Wales, Scotland)
– United States’ state-based curricula and the Common Core State Standards Initiative Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum
In education, a curriculum (/kəˈrɪkjʊləm/; pl.: curriculums or curricula /kəˈrɪkjʊlə/) is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals. A curriculum may incorporate the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. Curricula are split into several categories: the explicit, the implicit (including the hidden), the excluded, and the extracurricular.
Curricula may be tightly standardized or may include a high level of instructor or learner autonomy. Many countries have national curricula in primary and secondary education, such as the United Kingdom's National Curriculum.
UNESCO's International Bureau of Education has the primary mission of studying curricula and their implementation worldwide.
