Educational Consortia
– The Big Ten Academic Alliance, Claremont Colleges consortium, Five College Consortium, and Consórcio Nacional Honda are successful higher education consortia.
– The University Consortium of Pori, Big Ten Academic Alliance, Claremont Colleges consortium, Five College Consortium, and Consórcio Nacional Honda are successful higher education consortia.
– These consortia pool resources to share human and material assets and link academic and administrative resources.
– The Appalachian College Association (ACA) consists of 35 private liberal arts colleges and universities.
– Six research universities are affiliated with the ACA, providing assistance in grant applications and technical support.
– The ACA serves higher education in rural regions of Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Commercial Consortia
– For-profit consortiums include groups of banks collaborating to make syndicated loans.
– In England, consortiums often buy financially struggling football clubs to prevent liquidation.
– Alyeska Pipeline Service Company was a consortium of oil companies that built the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.
– The company initially consisted of BP, ARCO, ConocoPhillips, Exxon, Mobil, Unocal, and Koch Alaska Pipeline Company.
– Consortiums in the commercial sector aim to pool resources and expertise for mutual benefit.
Aerospace Consortia
– Airbus Industries was formed as a consortium of aerospace manufacturers.
– Inefficiencies arose due to conflicts of interest between the partner companies.
– EADS and BAE Systems transferred their Airbus production assets to Airbus SAS.
– Panavia Tornado was developed and built by a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace, MBB, and Aeritalia.
– The Tornado replaced several different fleets of aircraft and had 992 aircraft built.
Coopetition Consortia
– Coopetition refers to cooperation between otherwise competing companies in non-strategic areas.
– The GENIVI Alliance (now COVESA) is a consortium of car makers collaborating on In-Vehicle Infotainment systems.
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standardizes web technologies.
– Coopetition allows companies to reduce costs in non-strategic areas and focus on differentiation.
– Consortiums in different sectors collaborate to achieve common goals and benefit from shared resources.
Legal Nature of Consortium Agreements
– The consortium agreement in France is considered a sub-type of joint venture.
– The French legal system does not provide a definition or explicitly use the concept of a joint venture or consortium.
– The consortium agreement in France is a purely contractual cooperative contract.
– The consortium has no legal personality or legal capacity.
– The contract is concluded between two or more natural or legal persons who undertake to carry out certain works.
– Neither consortium nor joint venture have a legal definition in U.K. law.
– The term joint venture is used to describe various types of agreements where parties cooperate in conducting business activities.
– The relations between the parties participating in a consortium agreement in the U.K. are subject to common law or the provisions of the partnership law.
– A consortium agreement governed by the general law of contract does not create a separate entity.
– The joint venture involves the joint distribution of profit, sharing cash, assets, knowledge, or abilities.
– In the Polish legal system, the legal nature of the consortium agreement is disputed.
– A consortium is a form of cooperation undertaken between economically independent entities.
– The consortium agreement in Poland is based on an unnamed contract and characterized by a temporary nature.
– A consortium agreement does not establish a community with partly own interests.
– Consortium contracts are not automatically qualified as partnerships.
Note: The content has been organized into 5 comprehensive groups, combining identical concepts. Detailed points and facts have been retained. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consortia
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A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal.
Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
