Bioelectromagnetics

Biological Phenomena and Interactions with Electromagnetic Fields
– Interactions of organisms with electromagnetic fields
– Bioelectromagnetism studied through electrophysiology techniques
– Luigi Galvani discovered animal electricity while dissecting a frog
– Action potentials occur in excitable cells for inter-cellular communication
– Animals like migratory birds can sense changes in magnetic fields

Bioeffects of Electromagnetic Radiation
– Human body molecules interact weakly with electromagnetic fields
– Absorption of energy from fields can cause tissue heating
– Safety guidelines established to limit EMF exposure
– Non-thermal exposures have shown biological effects
– Pulsed magnetic fields can have behavioral effects and alter pain perception

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Human Health
– ELF and RF fields have been extensively studied
– Direct effects on health difficult to prove, limited to high power sources
– Electromagnetic fields studied for effects on cell metabolism and tumor growth
– Intermediate frequency range used in medical practices for bone healing and nerve stimulation
– Magnetic fields and electric fields used in electrotherapies for cancer treatment

Safety and Risk Considerations
– Heating of metal electrodes during rapid-rate magnetic stimulation as a safety hazard
– Risk and safety guidelines for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
– Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for transcranial magnetic stimulation
– Pathophysiology of microwave-induced traumatic brain injury
– Intermediate frequencies and public health

Organizations, Books, Research, and Studies
– The Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS)
– European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA)
– Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine (SPRBM)
– International Society for Bioelectromagnetism (ISBEM)
– The Bioelectromagnetics Lab at University College Cork, Ireland
– ‘Electromagnetism and Life’ by Robert O. Becker and Andrew A. Marino (1982)
– ‘The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life’ by Robert O. Becker (1985)
– ‘Cross Currents: The Promise of Electromedicine, the Perils of Electropollution’ by Robert O. Becker (1989)
– ‘Magnetobiology: Underlying Physical Problems’ by V.N. Binhi (2002)
– ‘Currents of Death’ by Paul Brodeur (2000)
– Effects of direct current electrical fields on apoptosis in oral mucosa cancer cells
– Bioelectromagnetic interactions between electromagnetic fields and cells
– Biological effects of electric and magnetic fields: sources, mechanisms, and beneficial/harmful effects
– Power frequency magnetic fields and public health
– Bioelectromagnetism: Principles and applications of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectromagnetics